Convolutions in deep learning can be understood as a sliding grid called a kernel or filter that moves across an input image. This operation forms the core of convolutional neural networks (CNNs). How this sliding window behaves is determined by three important hyperparameters: Kernel size defines the dimensions of the filter (like 3x3 or 7x7). It determines the local region of the image the kernel examines at each step. Stride controls how far the kernel shifts each time it moves. A stride of 1