Jan 22, 2025 · Near the surface, Earth has an atmosphere that consists of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 1% other gases such as argon, carbon dioxide, and neon. The atmosphere affects Earth’s long-term climate and short-term local weather and shields us from much of the harmful radiation coming from the Sun.

Jan 31, 2025 · Earth’s surface is traditionally subdivided into seven continental masses: Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America. These continents are surrounded by five major bodies of water: the Arctic , Atlantic , Indian , Pacific , …

JGR: Earth Surface publishes original research articles on the physical, chemical and biological processes that affect the form and function of the surface of the solid Earth over all temporal and spatial scales.

1 day ago · The Earth’s inner core, a ball of iron and nickel about 1,500 miles wide, is deformed on its surface by the movements of the liquid outer core.

Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life. This is enabled by Earth being an ocean world, the only one in the Solar System sustaining liquid surface water. Almost all of Earth's water is contained in its global ocean, covering 70.8% of Earth's crust.

6 days ago · How do tectonics and climate interact to shape the Earth’s surface and create natural hazards? What are the interactions among ice masses, oceans, and the solid Earth and their implications for sea level change? How do magmatic systems evolve and under what conditions do volcanoes erupt?

2 days ago · The surface of Earth's inner core may be shape-shifting, new research suggests. The study, published Feb. 10 in the journal Nature, looked at earthquake waves that have skimmed the edge of the ...

Jan 14, 2025 · Our home planet Earth is a rocky, terrestrial planet. It has a solid and active surface with mountains, valleys, canyons, plains and so much more. Earth is special because it is an ocean planet. Water covers 70% of Earth's surface.

The Earth’s surface is covered by its thinnest layer, the crust. Land is made of continental crust, which is 8km to 70km thick and made mostly from a rock called granite. The layer beneath the ocean bed is made of oceanic crust, which is about 8km thick and …

Surface pressure: 1014 mb Surface density: 1.217 kg/m 3 Scale height: 8.5 km Total mass of atmosphere: 5.1 x 10 18 kg Total mass of hydrosphere: 1.4 x 10 21 kg Average temperature: 288 K (15 C) Diurnal temperature range: 283 K to 293 K (10 to 20 C) Wind speeds: 0 to 100 m/s Mean molecular weight: 28.97 Atmospheric composition (by volume, dry ...