The three-terminal TL431 voltage regulator is commonly found in switching power converters and instrumentation as a voltage reference. It is seemingly simple, yet has subtleties, including missing ...

CMOS voltage reference circuits are integral to modern electronic systems, providing a stable and reproducible voltage that underpins the performance of myriad integrated devices. These circuits ...

Electronics enthusiasts may be interested in a new Precision Voltage Reference which has been launched via Kickstarter this month to raise the required funds to go into production. The precision ...

Requiring only a handful of inexpensive components, the circuit breaker in Figure 1 responds to both overcurrent- and overvoltage-fault conditions. At the heart of the circuit, D 2, an adjustable, ...

This circuit solves the problem of sending data over a cable with no free conductors. The data is OOK (on-off keying) modulated and superimposed on a high-frequency carrier so it can be sent over a ...

Low dropout (LDO) regulators play a very important role in the power management of an integrated circuit. As a result, mindful designing and selection of LDO circuits become crucial. This article ...

The Bandgap Reference (BGR) circuit is a key element in Very-large-scale Integration (VLSI) designs, providing a stable reference voltage that is crucial for the performance and reliability of analog ...

When you determine conductor sizes for low-voltage feeder or branch circuits, do you account for voltage drop? Some people believe this is unnecessary, and some believe that doing so is a Code ...

Sometimes a circuit requires a data link over an existing cable that doesn’t have any free conductors for a dedicated comm link. A common solution is to superimpose a high-frequency carrier modulated ...