There was a time when we would start our electronic projects with integrated circuits and other components, mounted on stripboard, or maybe on a custom PCB. This is still the case for many devices, ...

What is reverse engineering? Tools used to reverse engineer a PCB. Specifics about de-layering Printed-circuit-board (PCB) reverse engineering is a method of analyzing and understanding the design ...

You’re probably familiar with the little black boxes nestled neatly inside your favorite devices. With their diminutive size and unassuming characteristics, it can be hard to believe these vessels are ...

Flexible three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D ICs) enable high-density interconnects, miniaturization, and multifunctionality. Unlike rigid circuits, flexible 3D ICs can conform to various ...