Modulation is fundamental to electronic communications. The modulating signal might be analog in nature (voice or music) or digital bit streams. Most modern communication systems are digital, using ...
Fig 1. Two analog multipliers form a VCO with quadrature outputs, while a third multiplier provides AGC to stabilize output voltages without adding distortion. Fig 2. The oscilloscope trace of the VCO ...
There has been a significant increase in integration of high-performance radio transceivers suitable for applications such as cellular base stations and radars. These transceivers use two different ...