Neural networks are one typical structure on which artificial intelligence can be based. The term "neural" describes their learning ability, which to some extent mimics the functioning of neurons in ...

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), with its exceptional image recognition capabilities, have performed outstandingly in the field of AI and notably within platforms like ChatGPT. Recently, a team ...

An AI neural network that uses light instead of electricity. Optical neural networks (ONNs) offer the potential for higher speed because regular chips can only trigger a limited number of transistors ...

Research on ONNs began as early as the 1960s. To clearly illustrate the development history of ONNs, this review presents the evolution of related research work chronologically at the beginning of the ...

Layered metasurfaces trained as optical neural networks enable multifunctional holograms and security features, integrating neural computation principles with nanostructured optics to create a ...

A technical paper titled “Training neural networks with end-to-end optical backpropagation” was published by researchers at University of Oxford and Lumai Ltd. “Optics is an exciting route for the ...

A tiny optical booster built directly onto a chip is pointing toward a future where light, not just electricity, does the ...

The first to attempt to calculate the speed of light was made in 1638, albeit unsuccessfully, by the “polymath from Pisa” Galileo Galilei, an Italian physicist, astronomer, natural philosopher, ...

For example, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) trained on thousands of radar echoes can recognize the unique spatial signature of a small metallic fragment, even when its signal is partially masked ...