Lightning protection in photovoltaic (PV) systems is a critical area of study as these installations are increasingly exposed to atmospheric discharges that can substantially disrupt energy production ...

Residential PV systems are generally installed on the rooftop of residential buildings, with a large metal surface area, higher distance from the ground and an exposed location. Such PV systems are ...

Scientists in the Emirates have developed a novel lightning mast layout that reportedly eliminates shading effect on PV panels. The proposed approach also addresses earth grid requirements under ...

Electrical substations utilize direct lightning stroke shielding to help ensure proper operation, and to prevent costly damages and extended outages. While modern substation designs and equipment make ...

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Reference [1] describes a process for the design of lightning protection that transforms the transient experienced by the components during the lightning test transient into the reference transients ...