In the last Circuit VR we looked at some basic op amp circuits in a simulator, including the non-inverting amplifier. Sometimes you want an amplifier that inverts the signal. That is a 5V input ...

My hands-on introduction to operational amplifiers was in 1969 while in the army as a junior scientist in the Atmospheric Science Laboratory at the White Sands Proving Grounds. We had taken a ...

Modern operational amplifiers (op amps) and instrumentation amplifiers (in amps) provide great benefits to the designer, when compared with discrete semiconductors. But all too often, some very basic ...

Operational transresistance amplifiers (OTRAs), also known as operational transimpedance amplifiers (OTIAs), have grown in use since the late 1980s. Mainly, the value of OTRAs/OTIAs is for ...