Functional integral equations constitute a broad class of problems in which an unknown function appears under an integral sign. These equations play a pivotal role in modelling complex phenomena in ...

Boundary-domain integral equations (BDIEs) have emerged as a robust framework for the reformulation and solution of boundary value problems (BVPs) in complex settings. By incorporating integrals over ...

Over the centuries, mathematicians have developed a variety of methods of solving equations. Using the capabilities of modern computers, they have explored in detail how these age-old recipes ...

Unit 1:- Sets, Relations and Functions: Sets and their Representations, Union, intersection and complements of sets, and their algebraic properties, Relations, equivalence relations, mappings, one-one ...