IPsec incorporates several cryptographic operations to ensure message authenticity, data integrity, and sender nonrepudiation. In this section we will describe the mechanics of these cryptographic ...

Part I introduced some of the challenges in the way of the public understanding of how Bitcoin works, and summarized the strategic roles of the open source software model, peer-to-peer networking, and ...

An algorithm that transforms a given amount of data (the "message") into a fixed number of digits, known as the "hash," "digest" or "digital fingerprint." Hash functions are a fundamental component in ...

Bitcoin offers an irreversible digital property function that prior to its invention simply did not exist. Understanding Bitcoin is a one-way hash function should make sense because a hash function ...

The cryptography world has been buzzing with the news that researchers at Google and CWI Amsterdam have succeeded in successfully generating a 'hash collision' for two different documents using the ...

A digital signature, an asymmetric cryptography is designed using VHDL. The implementation has a Message Digest block and a RSA block. Implemented Digital Signature Algorithm on a Spartan 3 FPGA board ...

Download this article in PDF format. On the surface, this sounds ridiculous: A lobby fish tank gets attacked by hackers. Why would anyone want to break into a fish tank (Fig. 1)? But in this case, the ...

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has opened a competition to develop a new cryptographic “hash” algorithm, a tool that converts a file, message or block of data to a short ...