Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a ubiquitous second messenger that underpins a wide array of physiological processes. It activates multiple effector pathways, most notably protein kinase A ...

Working with mammalian retinal cells, neuroscientists at Johns Hopkins Medicine have shown that, unlike most light-sensing cells (photoreceptors) in the retina, one special type uses two different ...

Photosynthesis remains one of the fundamental biological processes that sustains life on Earth, converting light energy into chemical energy. The electron transport mechanisms underpinning this ...

The activation of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway is key for antitumor immunity. However, the development of STING agonist-based strategies in cancer ...