THE HISTORY Of computers is often told as a history of objects, from the abacus to the Babbage engine up through the code-breaking machines of World War II. In fact, it is better understood as a ...

Since 1972, scientists have known there are four basic circuit components, but if you’ve spent any time in an electrical engineering classroom, you probably only have experience with three: capacitor, ...

A central goal of synthetic biology is to create cellular networks that integrate input signals for decision making and actuation 1. In recent years, artificial logic gates 2,3,4 and memory devices ...

Synthetic biologists are converting microbial cells into living devices that are able to perform useful tasks ranging from the production of drugs, fine chemicals and biofuels to detecting ...

Intel’s 386 CPU is notable for being its first x86 CPU to use so-called standard cell logic, which swapped the taping out of ...

In a proof-of-concept study, researchers have created self-assembled, protein-based circuits that can perform simple logic functions. The work demonstrates that it is possible to create stable digital ...

Overview of digital logic design. Implementation technologies, timing in combinational and sequential circuits, EDA tools, basic arithmetic units, introduction to simulation and synthesis using ...

In the world of engineering, “noise” – random fluctuations from environmental sources such as heat – is generally a bad thing. In electronic circuits, it is unavoidable, and as circuits get smaller ...